You may have heard your child’s speech therapist talk about augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) and wondered what it means or whether it could help your child communicate. With so many AAC options available, it can be difficult to understand how they differ. This article provides a brief overview of what AAC is, how it works, and how speech therapists determine which type may be right for your child.

What Is AAC?

AAC includes different tools and strategies that help people communicate. The definition can be broken down as follows:

  • The word augmentative means that AAC is used in addition to a person’s natural speaking voice. For example, a child whose speech is difficult to understand may use AAC to clarify their message.
  • The word alternative means that AAC is used in place of spoken language. A child who cannot consistently communicate through speech may use AAC to communicate their needs, wants, thoughts, and feelings.

The Two Main Types of AAC

AAC supports generally fall into two main categories:

  1. Low-tech AAC includes printed tools that do not require electronics
  2. High-tech AAC includes electronic speech-generating devices 

A child’s communication needs determine whether they use low-tech AAC, high-tech AAC, or a combination of both. They may rely on AAC as their primary way to communicate, use it to supplement their speech, or use it only in certain situations. For example, a child who has difficulty using speech when they become frustrated may use AAC to continue communicating in those moments.

What Is Low-Tech AAC?

Low-tech AAC does not require an electronic device. Examples include visual schedules and core boards. A core board is a printed or laminated sheet containing words or pictures that your child can point to when making a request, commenting, or sharing a message.

Benefits of Low-Tech AAC

Low-tech AAC offers several potential benefits:

  • Costs relatively little to produce
  • Is easy to carry between locations
  • Works well around water when laminated, such as at the pool
  • Supports language comprehension through tools such as visual schedules
  • Provides temporary communication support if a high-tech device breaks

Limitations of Low-Tech AAC

Low-tech AAC also has some limitations:

  • Offers a more limited vocabulary than many high-tech systems
  • Requires materials to be reprinted when words or pictures need to be changed

What Is High-Tech AAC?

High-tech AAC includes electronic speech-generating devices. When your child selects a word or symbol, the device produces spoken output that others can hear. LAMP and TouchChat are two examples of programs that may be used with a speech-generating device.

Benefits of High-Tech AAC

High-tech AAC offers several potential benefits:

  • Provides access to a broad range of vocabulary
  • Produces spoken messages that allow your child to communicate with others
  • Allows vocabulary to expand as your child’s communication develops
  • Reflects the language your family uses through customized terms, such as “fire truck” instead of “fire engine”

Limitations of High-Tech AAC

High-tech AAC also has some limitations:

  • Costs more than low-tech AAC, although funding may be available when medical necessity is demonstrated
  • Depends on electronic equipment that may break or require replacement, making a low-tech backup helpful during that time

How an AAC Evaluation Works

An AAC evaluation is an in-depth process that may take place over several sessions. This gives the speech therapist time to understand your child and determine which type of support offers the best fit.

During the evaluation, the speech therapist compares your child’s abilities and communication needs with the features offered by different AAC options. They may also try various AAC supports with your child to see how they respond.

What Speech Therapists Consider When Choosing an AAC System for Your Child

When evaluating AAC options, a speech therapist may consider your child’s:

  • Vision: Can your child see and use smaller symbols placed closer together, or do they need larger symbols with more space between them?
  • Motor skills: Can your child select an item with one finger, or would they benefit from switches, visual scanning, or another access method?
  • Speech and language abilities: Will AAC serve as an alternative to spoken language or supplement speech that is difficult to understand?
  • Attention and memory: Can your child remember how to navigate through several pages to find the word they want?
  • Daily communication needs: What does your child need to communicate, and in which situations do they need support?
  • Family routines and goals: Which option fits your family’s lifestyle and the goals you have for your child?

Reach Out to Samara Therapy for AAC Support

If you believe your child may benefit from AAC, call Samara Therapy Specialists at (406) 830-4500 or complete our free online developmental screening. Our speech therapists can evaluate your child’s communication needs, explore different low- and high-tech options, and help determine which supports may work best for your child and family.